As the COVID-19 pandemic sweeps the world with hundreds of thousands of new infections reported every day, many have turned to the prospect of a vaccine, but how soon can we have one? According to the World Health Organization (WHO) last month, a COVID-19 vaccine is still at least 12 to 18 months away.
Eighteen months might sound a long time for the still-escalating pandemic, but it is already considered a breakneck speed for launching a new vaccine.
Based on past experience, it usually takes eight to 20 years to develop a new vaccine.
Some epidemics ended before vaccine development was complete. For example, work on SARS vaccines was canceled after the outbreak was contained.
But the process has been greatly accelerated this time, thanks largely to Chinese scientists who successfully sequenced the genome of the novel coronavirus and shared it with the world in early January.
The WHO has highlighted at least 60 COVID-19 vaccine candidates, with many having started animal tests. Researchers around the world have also joined the race.
Two most advanced candidate vaccines entered clinical trials on human bodies on March 16 – fewer than four months after the disease was first reported.
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